Inner Mongolia Sanxin Technology Development Co., Ltd
Inner Mongolia Sanxin Technology Development Co., Ltd
With the development of technology and technology mature, lithium-ion battery applications more and more widely. Lithium-ion battery with a single high voltage, relatively light weight, environmentally friendly, etc., but after a number of cycles after the charge and discharge cycle will appear the performance of the battery capacity decline. The same conditions, the faster the battery capacity attenuation, the battery quality is relatively poor. Lithium-ion battery cycle performance is an important measure of its quality indicators, many of the lithium-ion battery standards have a cycle of life of this project. Lithium-ion battery charge and discharge cycle process is a complex physical and chemical reaction process, the cycle life of the factors that are multifaceted. On the one hand with the characteristics of the battery itself, such as design, manufacturing process and material degradation, etc .; on the other hand with the use of the battery during the impact of the outside world, such as the use of the environment and charge and discharge system. The following factors affect the cycle of lithium-ion battery life factor analysis. 1 lithium ion battery structure and principle Lithium-ion battery is mainly composed of positive and negative materials, electrolyte, diaphragm, current collector and battery shell, positive and negative materials from two different lithium ion embedded compounds. Charging, lithium ions from the cathode off the sub-through the electrolyte through the diaphragm embedded in the negative, the discharge is the opposite. In the lithium ion battery for the first charge and discharge process, the negative electrode and electrolyte interface to form a layer of passivation film. It is between the electrode and the electrolyte play a role in the diaphragm, the electronic insulator is a good conductor of lithium ions, lithium ions can pass through the passivation layer free to insert and release, with a solid electrolyte characteristics, so this layer of passivation film Known as the "solid electrolyte interface" (solid electrolyte interface), referred to as SEI film [1]. 2 design and manufacturing process In the battery design process, the choice of material is the most important factor. Different performance characteristics of different materials, the performance of the battery is also a gap. Positive and negative material matching cycle performance is good, the battery cycle life will be long. In the ingredients, we should pay attention to positive and negative material added. In general, the design of the assembly process generally requires that the negative capacity of the cathode is relatively excessive, if not excessive, during the charging process will precipitate lithium, the formation of lithium dendrite and thus affect the safety. The anode is too much relative to the positive too much, the positive electrode may be excessive lithium, resulting in structural collapse. Electrolyte in the battery reversible capacity is also a very important factor. Electrode material off, the process of intercalation of lithium ions is always the process of interaction with the electrolyte, this interaction on the electrode material interface conditions and internal structure changes have an important impact [3]. In the process of interaction with the positive and negative materials, the electrolyte will be lost, and in the battery into the SEI film and pre-charge, it will consume part of the electrolyte, so the type of electrolyte and injection volume also affect the battery life. Lithium-ion battery manufacturing process mainly includes: positive and negative ingredients, coating, production, winding, into the shell, injection, sealing, chemical and so on. In the battery production process, the process for each step are very strict. Any process that is not well controlled can affect battery cycle performance. In the process of positive and negative ingredients, should pay attention to the amount of binder, stirring speed, slurry concentration, temperature and humidity, and to ensure that the material can be dispersed evenly. In the coating process, in the premise of ensuring high battery specific energy, reasonable control of positive (negative) coating, the appropriate reduction in electrode thickness is conducive to reducing the battery decay rate [4]. After the coating of the pole piece but also with the roller press further compaction, the appropriate positive compaction density can increase the battery discharge capacity, reduce the resistance, reduce the polarization loss, extend the battery cycle life. When winding, roll into the batteries should be close, not loose [5]. The diaphragm and the positive and negative pole volume is tight, the smaller the internal resistance, but the volume is too tight will cause the pole piece and diaphragm wet difficult, resulting in smaller discharge capacity; roll too loose will make the pole in the charge and discharge process over-expansion , Increased resistance, reduced capacity, shortened cycle life. 3 battery material aging recession Lithium-ion battery charge and discharge cycle is the process of lithium ions through the electrolyte in the positive and negative material back and forth between the de-embedded, moving the process. In the lithium-ion battery cycle, in addition to positive and negative redox reaction occurs, there are a lot of side effects. If the side effects of lithium-ion batteries can be reduced to a low level, so that lithium ions through the electrolyte can always smoothly between the positive and negative materials, can make lithium-ion battery cycle life can be increased. Lithium ions from the positive electrode to the negative must be covered in the carbon anode on the SEI film, SEI film directly affects the battery life cycle. Foreign scholars on the aging of the battery material research earlier, especially on the SEI film research more in-depth. The main research method is through the battery life test data combined with electrochemical characterization means to analyze the battery material stability and recession mechanism [6]. The stability of the SEI film has an important effect on the stability of the battery. SEI film is unstable and easy to precipitate lithium metal, will lead to rapid degradation of the anode active material to form a stable SEI membrane lithium battery can be stored under high temperature conditions for more than 4 years [7]. D. Aurbach et al [8] after the dismantling of the lithium cobalt oxide battery cycle, by SEM, XRD experiments on the positive and negative electrode analysis, the capacity decline is mainly attributed to the negative electrode SEI film continued consumption of Li + and LiCoO2 and HF formation Of the LiF interface film and other irreversible side effects. P.Ramadass et al. [9] established a capacity decay model by describing the process of lithium ion loss caused by the continuous growth of the negative electrode SEI film during the charge-discharge cycle. S. Sankarasubramanian et al. [10] established a capacity decay model that included the diffusion of solvent and the growth mechanism of the SEI membrane and concluded that the capacity decline was linear with the SEI film thickness and the cell aging time.
【The right way】 In the use of lithium batteries should be noted that although the battery factory are activated, but after a period of time into the dormant state, then the capacity in the virtual state. But the lithium battery is easy to activate, as long as after about 3 times the normal charge and discharge cycle can activate the battery, restore normal capacity. Due to the characteristics of the lithium battery itself, it is almost no memory effect. So the user's mobile phone in the new lithium battery in the activation process, is no need for special methods and equipment. Not only theoretically the case, from my own practice point of view, from the beginning to use 3 times the standard method of charging this "natural activation" approach is the best. 【misinformation】 For the lithium battery "activation" problem, many of the argument is: the charging time must be more than 12 hours, repeated three times in order to activate the battery. This "the first three charges to charge more than 12 hours" argument, obviously from the nickel batteries (such as nickel and cadmium and nickel hydrogen) continued to say. So this argument can be said that the beginning is misleading. Lithium batteries and nickel batteries charge and discharge characteristics of a very big difference, and can be very clear to tell you that I have read all the serious technical information are stressed overcharge and over discharge will be lithium batteries, especially liquid lithium Ion batteries cause great damage. So the best charge in accordance with standard time and standard method of charging, in particular, do not carry out more than 12 hours of long charge. Usually, the phone instructions on the charging method, is suitable for the phone's standard charging method. 【Battery killer - universal charge】 Universal charge just when the "universal" characteristics and ultra-low prices immediately make it popular north and south, not only dealers favor, consumers are more love. Universal charge to the dealer and machine friends have brought great convenience. But soon, we found that the use of universal charge, the battery was inflated more than a few times. The reason, the root of the problem or out of the universal "universal" requirements, because it should be applied to any battery, must be included in the charging voltage range of all possible batteries, then there will be "overcharge" "Full of dissatisfaction", "inflated" or even explode and so on all kinds of problems. 【Charge principle analysis】 (1) lithium battery will automatically stop after filling, but the phone will continue to power consumption, a little power consumption after the phone and immediately charge, this is full of stop - consumption of electricity and charge cycle called "trickle" charge , This state is most likely to inflate the battery. This is the first reason we are opposed to long charging (2) a long time plug the charger, can not guarantee the battery charge and discharge protection circuit characteristics never change and quality foolproof, so your battery will be a long time in the dangerous edge of the wandering. This is another reason we oppose the long charge. (3) At the same time, long charging takes a long time, often need to be carried out at night, and the situation in China's power grid, many places the night voltage is relatively high, and volatile. So this brings additional risk. 【W(wǎng)hen should you start charging in normal use?】 In our forum, you can often see this argument, because the number of charge and discharge is limited, so the phone battery should be used as much as possible to recharge the battery. But I found a test on the charge-discharge cycle of lithium-ion battery, the data on the cycle life is listed as follows: Cycle life (10% DOD):> 1000 times Cycle life (100% DOD):> 200 times Where DOD is the abbreviation of the depth of discharge. As can be seen from the table, the number of chargeable and discharge depth, 10% DOD cycle life than 100% DOD to be much longer. Of course, if the equivalent of the actual capacity of the actual charge: 10% * 1000 = 100,100% * 200 = 200, the latter fully charge and discharge or to be better, but in front of that statement to do some amendments: In case you should keep the battery in accordance with the principle of the remaining battery charge and then charge the charge, but if your battery is expected in your second day can not adhere to the whole day, it should start charging in a timely manner, of course, if you are willing to back The charger to the office and when the other. And you need to charge to cope with the expected arrival of important events that will lead to busy traffic, even when the battery has a lot of excess electricity, then you just charge in advance, because you did not really lose the "1" times the charge cycle life , That is, "0.x" times only, and often this x will be very small. The battery remaining power out of the principle of reloading is not to you to the extreme. And long charge as widely circulated a saying, is "as far as possible the battery life of mobile phones, it is best to use automatic shutdown." This practice is only the practice of nickel batteries, the purpose is to avoid the memory effect occurs, unfortunately it is also circulating in the lithium battery today. Some people because the phone battery is too low after the warning appears, still do not charge to continue to use the automatic shutdown has been used examples. The results of this example in the phone in the subsequent charge and boot are no response, had to send customer service overhaul. This is actually because the battery due to excessive discharge caused by the voltage is too low, so do not have the normal charge and boot conditions caused.
Although in recent years almost all manufacturers have been inclined to use lithium-ion battery, but the world's major mobile phone manufacturers to choose the battery or have their own characteristics and habits, such as once in the same period of history: Nokia: Ni-MH (Ni-MH) batteries, LiB (liquid lithium ion) batteries, not using LiP (polymer lithium ion) batteries. Ericsson: Ni-MH battery, LiB battery, LiP battery. Motorola: Ni-MH battery, LiB battery, not using LiP battery. It is not difficult to find, from the phone for the first choice of LiP polymer lithium-ion battery this thing, Ericsson reflects the reality of their mobile phone technology pioneer. According to the information I have found that the current polymer lithium-ion battery main manufacturers for Japan SONY, Panasonic, GS and several other companies. And lithium batteries are basically 95% of China's Shenzhen manufacturing, so there is no European version of the parallel phone battery must be manufactured in Europe logic. Strictly speaking, lithium batteries also have a memory effect, but its memory effect is very low, basically negligible. Strictly speaking, there is no perfect battery technology.
Currently on the market using secondary batteries are mainly nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) and lithium ion (Li-ion) two types. Lithium-ion batteries have been mass production of liquid lithium-ion battery (LiB) and polymer lithium-ion battery (LiP) two. So in many cases, the battery marked Li-ion, must be lithium-ion battery. But not necessarily a liquid lithium-ion battery, there may be a polymer lithium-ion battery. Lithium-ion batteries are improved products for lithium batteries. Lithium batteries have long ago, but lithium is a highly active (remember its position in the periodic table of the elements?) Metal, it is not safe to use, often in the charge when the combustion, burst (Such as cobalt, manganese, etc.) so that lithium really achieved a safe, efficient and convenient, and the old lithium battery also will be the same as the lithium-ion battery, Basically eliminated. As for how to distinguish them from the battery logo can be identified on the lithium battery Li, lithium-ion battery for Li-ion. Now, the use of laptop and mobile phone so-called "lithium battery", in fact, are lithium-ion battery. The basic structure of modern batteries, including positive, negative and electrolyte three elements. As a kind of battery, lithium-ion battery also has these three elements. General lithium-ion technology uses liquid or inorganic colloidal electrolytes, and therefore requires a strong shell to contain combustible active ingredients, which increases the weight and cost of the battery, but also limits the size and shape flexibility. In general, the minimum thickness of the liquid lithium ion secondary battery is 6 mm, and the reduction is more difficult. And the so-called polymer lithium-ion battery is in the three main structures at least one or more than the use of polymer materials as its main battery system. A new generation of polymer lithium-ion battery in the degree of polymerization has been very high, so the shape can be thin (thinnest 0.5 mm), any area and any shape, greatly improving the flexibility of the battery design Sex, which can meet the needs of the product, made of any shape and capacity of the battery. At the same time, the polymer lithium-ion battery unit energy than the current general lithium-ion battery increased by 50%, its capacity, charge and discharge characteristics, safety, operating temperature range, cycle life and environmental performance and other aspects of lithium-ion batteries are larger Increase the range. Lithium ion (LiB) batteries currently sold on the market are likely to cause the safety valve to rupture in the event of overcharging, which is very dangerous, so it is necessary to install a protective IC line to ensure that the battery will not be over Charge the situation. The polymer polymer lithium-ion battery, this type of battery relative to the liquid lithium-ion battery has a good charge-discharge characteristics, so the protection of IC lines on the requirements can be appropriately relaxed. In addition, the polymer lithium-ion battery can use the IC constant current charging, and lithium-ion secondary battery used by the CCCV (ConstantCurrert- Constant Voltage) charging method compared to the time required to shorten the waiting time.
For the current lithium battery for bicycles, starting from the production line, whether you use it, its life is only two to three years. How to make lithium batteries in the life of the deadline to achieve effective use, which is the usual maintenance of the user. To make the bike's lithium battery with two to three years instead of a year or so, consumers need to pay attention to the following matters. First, the electric car lithium battery to be placed in the shade, neither frozen, can not be placed in high temperature. The temperature of the lithium battery battery capacity has a great impact. Lithium battery aging rate is determined by the temperature and charge status. High charge status and increased temperature will accelerate the decline in battery capacity. If the battery is fully charged after the high temperature, this will cause great damage to the battery. Therefore, if the long-term storage, the best way is to put the battery charge to 40% in the shade, so that the battery can be stored for a long period of time to protect the circuit. Second, electric vehicles with lithium batteries should try to avoid frequent full discharge. Some cars with lithium batteries due to excessive low discharge will be ahead of scrapped. When the rechargeable battery is placed below 2.5 volts per cell, the internal safety circuit of the battery will start and the battery will start to use. But if the battery drops below 1.5 volts per unit and remains for a while, the battery can no longer be charged for safety reasons. So if you want to store for a long time, need to charge some of the battery, and later need to charge once a month. Third, the electric car lithium battery should be avoided often in the fast charging station charge. There are consumers in order to facilitate, often go to some street fast charge on the electric car to charge. As everyone knows, this will not only shorten the battery life of electric vehicles, but also plant a security risk. Lithium battery in the fast charge when the performance of various decay rate will accelerate, often so the battery can not be filled, adequate. If you do not pay attention, may also cause overcharge, heat out of control, resulting in short circuit caused by the accident. Therefore, to charge the lithium battery to use the original battery charger as far as possible through the standard way of charging, that is, slow charge.
1. finished battery storage after a period of time, the voltage dropped significantly, what is the reason? Under normal circumstances, the normal stock a month to allow the battery has a natural power-down range of no more than 0.05V. If you exceed this range, you need to analyze the battery: A. Check the battery protection circuit protection parameters are normal, especially its static power consumption should not be greater than 10μA, (usually 3-6μA); by high precision The ammeter (eg FLUKE 187) is connected in series to the "battery-guard board B + / B-" circuit, P + / P-no load, and the current shown is the static self-current consumption of the protection board. B. Analysis of whether the battery is powered down seriously. The batteries (after charging) were discharged to 3.0V and then allowed to stand. 24 hours after the next cabinet to measure the open circuit voltage, 48 hours to measure the open circuit voltage again, for comparison. If the voltage rises, there is a downward trend, then the battery has a power-down phenomenon. Encounter this situation, through the full detection voltage, pick out the lower voltage battery, the rest of the normal use (due to battery inventory time has been longer, there is power outage hidden batteries can be completely singled out). C. Check the batteries in the positive and negative nickel with spot welding process, whether the phenomenon of breakdown. , Too large spot welding current, and incorrect spot welding position, are likely to break through the internal battery, causing damage, the phenomenon of low voltage. 2. Aluminum shell batteries have pits on the surface, will affect the performance of batteries? Under normal circumstances, the battery surface of the pits will not affect the performance of batteries. 3. Will the batteries be fully charged and will affect the performance of the batteries? Long-term high-voltage storage will cause damage to the batteries. According to the experiment, the battery storage voltage should not exceed 3.90V; storage voltage is higher, the irreversible capacity loss caused by the larger, the more difficult recovery capacity. Moreover, the voltage is too high (> 4.0V, the internal energy of the larger batteries) will lead to many security problems. In the production and transportation process, at any time may be due to accidental short circuit caused by the accident. 4. When the call shows a grid power, after the call shows 2 ~ 3 grid is why? The margin of each cell has a certain value, generally depends on the voltage to show the margin. Call a lot of current, call finished, do not need so much current, so the voltage fluctuations is a very natural phenomenon. 5. new battery, how should the charge ah? The new battery can only achieve the best performance after two or three cycles of full charge and discharge. Recommended the first three charging time of 4 hours (the longest time not more than 12 hours; the general lithium battery protection circuit, after 3 hours of charging will automatically protect the saturation, even if the recharging and can not charge the battery; the original requirements New battery charge 12 hours, the lack of scientific), the fourth start, in order to make the battery can be fully charged, the display can be filled after more than 1 hour. 6. Over current and short circuit protection Owing to an unexplained (discharge or positive or negative contact by metal) caused by overcurrent or short circuit, in order to ensure safety, must be immediately stop the discharge. Overcurrent protection IC principle is that when the discharge current is too large or short circuit conditions, the protection IC will activate the (short circuit) current protection, this time over-current detection is the power MOSFET Rds (on) as an inductive impedance to monitor If the voltage drop is higher than the predetermined overcurrent detection voltage, the discharge is stopped. Similarly, the overcurrent detection must be provided with a delay time to prevent malfunction due to burst current inflow. Usually after the over-current generation, if you can remove the overcurrent factors (such as immediately from the load off), will return to its normal state, you can then the normal charge and discharge action. 7. Battery quality is good or bad, depending on which basic parameters? ⑴, battery capacity: the higher the battery capacity, standby time, the longer the talk time. ⑵, battery resistance: internal resistance is too large, easy to cause "power" or even shut down. ⑶, protection circuit: to ensure that the battery is in normal working condition. 8. Do you know how to make cell phone battery talk longer? ⑴, in the network signal is extremely weak, to avoid long calls. ⑵, try to choose a strong signal where the call. ⑶, according to the need to set as little as possible phone mode (except power saving), set the mode, the greater the power consumption. 9. Why is the cell phone battery standby time short? ⑴, the battery is not fully charged when used; ⑵, the phone itself is more power, the user alone will be all the "wrong" are pushed to the battery, without taking into account other factors; ⑶, the phone's direct charge can not fully charge the battery, will also affect the standby time. 10. How to buy a battery? 1, according to the requirements of electrical appliances, choose to match the applicable model. 2, pay attention to check the battery production date and shelf life, buy the recent production of the battery (new battery), the new battery performance. 3, pay attention to look at the appearance of the battery, you should buy fine packaging, the appearance of clean, clean, no signs of leakage of the battery. 4, pay attention to the battery logo, the battery logo should indicate the name of the manufacturer, the battery polarity, battery type, nominal voltage, trademarks, etc .; sales packaging should be Chinese site, production date, the implementation of the standard number. 11. What should I pay attention to when using the battery? Do not immerse the battery in water or seawater, pay attention to moisture. Do not connect the battery to a heat source, such as a fire or a heater. When charging, use a specific charger. Do not reverse the battery's + pole. Do not connect the battery to the outlet of the power supply. Do not place the battery in a fire or hot object. Do not short-circuit the battery with a conductor, do not transport or store the battery with metal conductors, such as necklaces, hairpins, etc. Do not beat or throw the battery. Do not use a needle or other sharp objects to pierce the battery, do not use hammering or stepping on top. Do not solder the power supply directly. There is a safety device in the battery. To ensure its inherent safety function, do not disassemble or change any part of the battery. Do not charge near fire or in hot environments. Do not put the battery in a microwave oven or a pressure cabinet. Do not use the battery with any other chemical battery (like a dry battery) or a different capacity, branded battery, if the electrical smell, heat, discoloration, deformation or in the use of charging, storage process, any irregularities immediately from the device or charge Remove the device, stop using. If the charging time can not be recharged, please do not charge. If this happens, stop using the battery immediately. The battery can not touch the child where the child, if the child swallowed the battery, please seek medical attention immediately. If the battery leaks or electrolytes out of the smell of the smell, please stay away from the fire, no leakage electrolyte will fire, the battery will be on fire. If the battery leaks or electrolyte into the eyes, do not rub your eyes, but with water rinse your eyes after medical treatment, otherwise it will lead to eye diseases. Do not put the battery at high temperatures (such as direct sunlight or hot world car) otherwise, will overheat fire, performance and life shortened. To ensure safety, the battery should be installed safety devices, static electricity is stronger than the required static electricity when you do not use, otherwise, the safety device will fail, leading to overheating, rupture, explosion and fire. If the child uses the battery, specify that they are used in accordance with the instruction manual and that the battery must be used normally at all times. If the battery leaks, the electrolyte sticks to the skin or clothes, rinse with water or wash with water, otherwise it will corrode the skin. In order not to install the wrong or loss of battery, please carefully read the instructions for installation and removal (from the device) If the battery does not want to use a long time, please put the battery out and put it in a dry place, otherwise it will be corroded and reduce performance and reduce life. If you dirty the battery terminal, please use a dry cloth before wiping clean, otherwise it will lead to poor contact with the device, power shortage or charging failure.
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